Gum disease
The earliest form is gingivitis: red, irritated gums that bleed with brushing or flossing, from plaque at the gum line. Periodontitis develops if gingivitis is not treated. It can mean receding gums, bone loss, loose teeth, and tooth loss. Gingivitis can be cured; periodontitis damage is usually irreversible.
- Stage 1 — gingivitis: redness, swelling, bleeding with brushing or flossing
- Stage 2 — early periodontitis: mild bone loss, tooth may be barely movable
- Stage 3 — moderate: more bone loss, receding gums, loose teeth you notice
- Stage 4 — severe: obviously loose teeth, pain with biting or chewing
Cavities
Dental decay (caries) that forms a hole in enamel and dentin is a cavity. Early, a concentrated fluoride treatment can sometimes halt or reverse progression. Once a cavity has formed, it needs a filling: x-rays, options, local anesthetic, then removal of decay to healthy dentin and a filling. Numbness lasts a couple of hours. Filling materials differ in strength and appearance; amalgam is strong and often used on molars. Your doctor will discuss options.
Prevention: brush twice daily and keep regular cleaning visits.